分布式智能体系统

// 分布式锁实现示例

class DistributedLock {
    constructor(lockName, lockService) {
        this.lockName = lockName;
        this.lockService = lockService;
        this.ownerId = null;
    }
    
    async acquire(timeout = 30000) {
        const startTime = Date.now();
        const ownerId = generateUniqueId();
        
        while (Date.now() - startTime < timeout) {
            const acquired = await this.lockService.tryAcquire(this.lockName, ownerId);
            if (acquired) {
                this.ownerId = ownerId;
                return true;
            }
            
            // 等待一小段时间后重试
            await sleep(100);
        }
        
        return false;
    }
    
    async release() {
        if (!this.ownerId) {
            throw new Error("Lock not acquired");
        }
        
        await this.lockService.release(this.lockName, this.ownerId);
        this.ownerId = null;
    }
}

// 使用示例
async function updateSharedState(stateManager, stateId, updateFn) {
    const lock = new DistributedLock(`state-${stateId}`, lockService);
    
    try {
        const acquired = await lock.acquire();
        if (!acquired) {
            throw new Error("Failed to acquire lock");
        }
        
        // 获取当前状态
        const currentState = await stateManager.getState(stateId);
        
        // 执行更新
        const newState = updateFn(currentState);
        
        // 保存更新后的状态
        await stateManager.setState(stateId, newState);
        
    } finally {
        // 确保锁被释放
        await lock.release();
    }
}

// 两阶段提交实现示例（协调者部分）

class TransactionCoordinator {
    constructor(participantNodes) {
        this.participantNodes = participantNodes;
        this.transactionLog = new TransactionLog();
    }
    
    async executeTransaction(transactionData) {
        const transactionId = generateTransactionId();
        this.transactionLog.logStart(transactionId);
        
        try {
            // 阶段 1: 准备阶段
            const prepareResults = await this.preparePhase(transactionId, transactionData);
            const allPrepared = prepareResults.every(result => result.prepared);
            
            if (!allPrepared) {
                // 如果有任何参与者未准备好，回滚整个事务
                this.transactionLog.logAbort(transactionId);
                await this.abortTransaction(transactionId);
                return { success: false, reason: "Preparation failed" };
            }
            
            // 阶段 2: 提交阶段
            const commitResults = await this.commitPhase(transactionId);
            const allCommitted = commitResults.every(result => result.committed);
            
            if (!allCommitted) {
                // 处理部分提交的情况（这是一个复杂的恢复场景）
                this.transactionLog.logError(transactionId, "Partial commit");
                return { success: false, reason: "Partial commit" };
            }
            
            this.transactionLog.logComplete(transactionId);
            return { success: true, transactionId };
            
        } catch (error) {
            // 处理异常情况
            this.transactionLog.logError(transactionId, error);
            await this.abortTransaction(transactionId);
            return { success: false, reason: error.message };
        }
    }
    
    async preparePhase(transactionId, transactionData) {
        // 向所有参与者发送准备请求
        const preparePromises = this.participantNodes.map(node => 
            node.prepare(transactionId, transactionData)
        );
        
        return Promise.all(preparePromises);
    }
    
    async commitPhase(transactionId) {
        // 向所有参与者发送提交请求
        const commitPromises = this.participantNodes.map(node => 
            node.commit(transactionId)
        );
        
        return Promise.all(commitPromises);
    }
    
    async abortTransaction(transactionId) {
        // 向所有参与者发送中止请求
        const abortPromises = this.participantNodes.map(node => 
            node.abort(transactionId)
        );
        
        return Promise.all(abortPromises);
    }
}

// 事件驱动状态同步实现示例

class EventDrivenStateManager {
    constructor(eventBus) {
        this.eventBus = eventBus;
        this.localState = {};
        this.stateVersion = {};
        
        // 订阅状态更新事件
        this.eventBus.subscribe('state:updated', this.handleStateUpdate.bind(this));
    }
    
    // 获取本地状态
    getState(stateId) {
        return this.localState[stateId];
    }
    
    // 更新状态并发布事件
    async updateState(stateId, updateFn) {
        // 获取当前状态
        const currentState = this.localState[stateId] || {};
        const currentVersion = this.stateVersion[stateId] || 0;
        
        // 应用更新
        const newState = updateFn(currentState);
        const newVersion = currentVersion + 1;
        
        // 更新本地状态
        this.localState[stateId] = newState;
        this.stateVersion[stateId] = newVersion;
        
        // 发布状态更新事件
        await this.eventBus.publish('state:updated', {
            stateId,
            state: newState,
            version: newVersion,
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            source: this.nodeId
        });
        
        return newState;
    }
    
    // 处理其他节点的状态更新
    handleStateUpdate(event) {
        const { stateId, state, version, source } = event;
        
        // 忽略自己发布的事件
        if (source === this.nodeId) {
            return;
        }
        
        // 如果收到的版本号更高，则更新本地状态
        const currentVersion = this.stateVersion[stateId] || 0;
        if (version > currentVersion) {
            this.localState[stateId] = state;
            this.stateVersion[stateId] = version;
        }
    }
}

// 使用示例
const stateManager = new EventDrivenStateManager(eventBus);

// 更新用户状态
await stateManager.updateState('user:1234', (state) => {
    return {
        ...state,
        lastActivity: Date.now(),
        status: 'online'
    };
});

// 读取状态
const userState = stateManager.getState('user:1234');

// 调度代理-监督者模式实现示例

// 调度代理类
class Scheduler {
    constructor() {
        this.taskQueue = [];
        this.registeredAgents = new Map();
        this.taskAssignments = new Map();
    }
    
    // 注册智能体及其能力
    registerAgent(agentId, capabilities, capacity) {
        this.registeredAgents.set(agentId, {
            id: agentId,
            capabilities,
            capacity,
            currentLoad: 0,
            status: 'idle'
        });
        console.log(`Agent ${agentId} registered with capabilities: ${capabilities.join(', ')}`);
    }
    
    // 提交任务到队列
    submitTask(task) {
        task.id = generateUniqueId();
        task.status = 'pending';
        task.submittedAt = Date.now();
        this.taskQueue.push(task);
        console.log(`Task ${task.id} submitted to queue`);
        this.scheduleTasks();
        return task.id;
    }
    
    // 调度任务到智能体
    scheduleTasks() {
        // 按优先级排序任务
        this.taskQueue.sort((a, b) => (b.priority || 0) - (a.priority || 0));
        
        const pendingTasks = this.taskQueue.filter(task => task.status === 'pending');
        
        for (const task of pendingTasks) {
            // 查找可以执行此任务的智能体
            const eligibleAgents = Array.from(this.registeredAgents.values())
                .filter(agent => 
                    agent.capabilities.includes(task.requiredCapability) && 
                    agent.currentLoad < agent.capacity &&
                    agent.status === 'idle'
                );
            
            if (eligibleAgents.length === 0) {
                continue; // 没有合适的智能体，保留在队列中
            }
            
            // 选择负载最小的智能体
            const selectedAgent = eligibleAgents.reduce(
                (min, agent) => agent.currentLoad < min.currentLoad ? agent : min, 
                eligibleAgents[0]
            );
            
            // 分配任务
            task.status = 'assigned';
            task.assignedTo = selectedAgent.id;
            task.assignedAt = Date.now();
            selectedAgent.currentLoad++;
            selectedAgent.status = 'busy';
            
            // 记录任务分配
            this.taskAssignments.set(task.id, {
                taskId: task.id,
                agentId: selectedAgent.id,
                assignedAt: task.assignedAt
            });
            
            console.log(`Task ${task.id} assigned to agent ${selectedAgent.id}`);
            
            // 从待处理队列中移除
            const taskIndex = this.taskQueue.findIndex(t => t.id === task.id);
            if (taskIndex !== -1) {
                this.taskQueue.splice(taskIndex, 1);
            }
            
            // 发送任务到智能体（实际实现中，这里会是异步通信）
            this.dispatchTaskToAgent(selectedAgent.id, task);
        }
    }
    
    // 向智能体发送任务
    dispatchTaskToAgent(agentId, task) {
        // 实际实现中，这里会通过消息队列或RPC调用智能体的API
        console.log(`Dispatching task ${task.id} to agent ${agentId}`);
        // 模拟异步任务派发
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log(`Task ${task.id} received by agent ${agentId}`);
        }, 100);
    }
    
    // 处理任务完成通知
    handleTaskCompletion(taskId, result, metrics) {
        const assignment = this.taskAssignments.get(taskId);
        if (!assignment) {
            console.error(`Unknown task completion notification: ${taskId}`);
            return false;
        }
        
        const agentId = assignment.agentId;
        const agent = this.registeredAgents.get(agentId);
        
        if (agent) {
            agent.currentLoad--;
            if (agent.currentLoad === 0) {
                agent.status = 'idle';
            }
        }
        
        console.log(`Task ${taskId} completed by agent ${agentId}`);
        this.taskAssignments.delete(taskId);
        
        // 可能触发更多任务调度
        this.scheduleTasks();
        
        return true;
    }
}

// 监督者类
class Supervisor {
    constructor(scheduler) {
        this.scheduler = scheduler;
        this.agentHealthStatus = new Map();
        this.failureThresholds = new Map();
    }
    
    // 注册需要监督的智能体
    registerAgent(agentId, healthCheckInterval = 30000, failureThreshold = 3) {
        this.agentHealthStatus.set(agentId, {
            lastHeartbeat: Date.now(),
            failureCount: 0,
            status: 'healthy'
        });
        this.failureThresholds.set(agentId, failureThreshold);
        
        // 设置定期健康检查
        setInterval(() => this.checkAgentHealth(agentId), healthCheckInterval);
        console.log(`Supervisor: Agent ${agentId} registered for monitoring`);
    }
    
    // 接收智能体心跳
    receiveHeartbeat(agentId) {
        const agentStatus = this.agentHealthStatus.get(agentId);
        if (agentStatus) {
            agentStatus.lastHeartbeat = Date.now();
            agentStatus.failureCount = 0;
            agentStatus.status = 'healthy';
            console.log(`Supervisor: Received heartbeat from agent ${agentId}`);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    // 检查智能体健康状态
    checkAgentHealth(agentId) {
        const agentStatus = this.agentHealthStatus.get(agentId);
        if (!agentStatus) return;
        
        const now = Date.now();
        const lastHeartbeat = agentStatus.lastHeartbeat;
        const threshold = this.failureThresholds.get(agentId) || 3;
        
        // 检查上次心跳是否超过阈值
        if (now - lastHeartbeat > 60000) { // 1分钟无心跳
            agentStatus.failureCount++;
            console.log(`Supervisor: Agent ${agentId} missed heartbeat. Failure count: ${agentStatus.failureCount}`);
            
            if (agentStatus.failureCount >= threshold) {
                agentStatus.status = 'unhealthy';
                console.log(`Supervisor: Agent ${agentId} marked as unhealthy. Taking recovery action.`);
                this.initiateRecovery(agentId);
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 启动恢复程序
    initiateRecovery(agentId) {
        console.log(`Supervisor: Initiating recovery for agent ${agentId}`);
        
        // 1. 标记智能体为不可用
        const agent = this.scheduler.registeredAgents.get(agentId);
        if (agent) {
            agent.status = 'unavailable';
        }
        
        // 2. 查找分配给该智能体的任务
        const assignedTasks = Array.from(this.scheduler.taskAssignments.entries())
            .filter(([_, assignment]) => assignment.agentId === agentId)
            .map(([taskId, _]) => taskId);
        
        // 3. 重新调度这些任务
        for (const taskId of assignedTasks) {
            console.log(`Supervisor: Rescheduling task ${taskId} due to agent failure`);
            // 在实际实现中，还需要获取任务详情重新提交
            this.scheduler.taskAssignments.delete(taskId);
            // 模拟重新提交任务
            setTimeout(() => {
                console.log(`Supervisor: Task ${taskId} resubmitted to queue`);
                // this.scheduler.submitTask(task);
            }, 200);
        }
        
        // 4. 尝试重启或替换故障智能体（实际实现会更复杂）
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log(`Supervisor: Recovery action completed for agent ${agentId}`);
            // 在实际场景中，可能会有重启智能体的逻辑
        }, 500);
    }
}

// 智能体类（简化实现）
class Agent {
    constructor(id, capabilities, capacity) {
        this.id = id;
        this.capabilities = capabilities;
        this.capacity = capacity;
        this.currentTasks = new Map();
        this.scheduler = null;
        this.supervisor = null;
        this.heartbeatInterval = null;
    }
    
    // 注册到调度器和监督者
    register(scheduler, supervisor) {
        this.scheduler = scheduler;
        this.supervisor = supervisor;
        
        // 注册到调度器
        scheduler.registerAgent(this.id, this.capabilities, this.capacity);
        
        // 注册到监督者
        supervisor.registerAgent(this.id);
        
        // 开始发送心跳
        this.startHeartbeat();
        
        console.log(`Agent ${this.id} registered with system`);
    }
    
    // 开始定期发送心跳
    startHeartbeat() {
        this.heartbeatInterval = setInterval(() => {
            if (this.supervisor) {
                this.supervisor.receiveHeartbeat(this.id);
            }
        }, 20000); // 每20秒发送一次心跳
    }
    
    // 接收和处理任务
    receiveTask(task) {
        console.log(`Agent ${this.id} received task ${task.id}`);
        this.currentTasks.set(task.id, {
            ...task,
            receivedAt: Date.now(),
            status: 'processing'
        });
        
        // 模拟任务处理
        const processingTime = 2000 + Math.random() * 3000;
        setTimeout(() => {
            this.completeTask(task.id);
        }, processingTime);
        
        return true;
    }
    
    // 完成任务并通知调度器
    completeTask(taskId) {
        const task = this.currentTasks.get(taskId);
        if (!task) return false;
        
        task.status = 'completed';
        task.completedAt = Date.now();
        
        console.log(`Agent ${this.id} completed task ${taskId}`);
        
        // 通知调度器任务已完成
        if (this.scheduler) {
            this.scheduler.handleTaskCompletion(taskId, {
                result: "Task execution successful",
                output: `Output for task ${taskId}`
            }, {
                processingTime: task.completedAt - task.receivedAt
            });
        }
        
        // 从当前任务列表中移除
        this.currentTasks.delete(taskId);
        
        return true;
    }
    
    // 销毁和清理资源
    destroy() {
        if (this.heartbeatInterval) {
            clearInterval(this.heartbeatInterval);
        }
        console.log(`Agent ${this.id} destroyed`);
    }
}

// 使用示例
function demoAgentSupervisorPattern() {
    // 创建调度器和监督者
    const scheduler = new Scheduler();
    const supervisor = new Supervisor(scheduler);
    
    // 创建智能体
    const agent1 = new Agent('agent-1', ['text-processing', 'data-analysis'], 3);
    const agent2 = new Agent('agent-2', ['image-processing', 'text-processing'], 2);
    const agent3 = new Agent('agent-3', ['data-analysis', 'machine-learning'], 1);
    
    // 注册智能体
    agent1.register(scheduler, supervisor);
    agent2.register(scheduler, supervisor);
    agent3.register(scheduler, supervisor);
    
    // 提交任务
    scheduler.submitTask({
        name: "文本分析任务",
        description: "分析给定文本的情感和主题",
        requiredCapability: "text-processing",
        priority: 2,
        data: { text: "这是一段需要分析的示例文本内容..." }
    });
    
    scheduler.submitTask({
        name: "数据处理任务",
        description: "处理和清洗数据集",
        requiredCapability: "data-analysis",
        priority: 1,
        data: { datasetUrl: "http://example.com/dataset/123" }
    });
    
    scheduler.submitTask({
        name: "图像处理任务",
        description: "识别图像中的对象",
        requiredCapability: "image-processing",
        priority: 3,
        data: { imageUrl: "http://example.com/images/456.jpg" }
    });
    
    // 模拟智能体故障
    setTimeout(() => {
        console.log("Simulating agent-2 failure...");
        // 停止发送心跳
        clearInterval(agent2.heartbeatInterval);
    }, 70000);
    
    // 清理资源
    setTimeout(() => {
        agent1.destroy();
        agent2.destroy();
        agent3.destroy();
        console.log("Demo completed.");
    }, 150000);
}

// demoAgentSupervisorPattern();

// 跨区域任务路由实现示例

class CrossRegionTaskRouter {
    constructor(localRegion) {
        this.localRegion = localRegion;
        this.connectedGateways = new Map();
        this.regionLatencyMap = new Map();
        this.regionComplianceRules = new Map();
    }
    
    // 注册远程区域的Gateway Agent
    registerRemoteGateway(region, gatewayInfo) {
        this.connectedGateways.set(region, {
            ...gatewayInfo,
            lastPingTime: null,
            avgLatency: null,
            status: 'connecting'
        });
        
        // 初始化区域间延迟测量
        this.measureLatencyToRegion(region);
    }
    
    // 测量到远程区域的网络延迟
    async measureLatencyToRegion(region) {
        const gateway = this.connectedGateways.get(region);
        if (!gateway) return;
        
        try {
            const startTime = Date.now();
            await gateway.ping();
            const latency = Date.now() - startTime;
            
            gateway.lastPingTime = Date.now();
            
            // 更新移动平均延迟
            gateway.avgLatency = gateway.avgLatency === null 
                ? latency 
                : gateway.avgLatency * 0.8 + latency * 0.2;
                
            gateway.status = 'connected';
            
            // 更新区域延迟地图
            this.regionLatencyMap.set(region, gateway.avgLatency);
            
            console.log(`Measured latency to ${region}: ${latency}ms, Avg: ${gateway.avgLatency.toFixed(2)}ms`);
        } catch (error) {
            console.error(`Failed to ping gateway in ${region}: ${error.message}`);
            gateway.status = 'connection_error';
        }
        
        // 定期重新测量
        setTimeout(() => this.measureLatencyToRegion(region), 60000);
    }
    
    // 设置区域间的数据合规规则
    setComplianceRules(region, rules) {
        this.regionComplianceRules.set(region, rules);
    }
    
    // 根据任务特性决定最佳执行区域
    determineOptimalRegion(task) {
        // 默认使用本地区域
        let bestRegion = this.localRegion;
        let bestScore = this.evaluateRegionScore(this.localRegion, task);
        
        // 检查所有连接的远程区域
        for (const [region, gateway] of this.connectedGateways.entries()) {
            // 跳过未连接或有问题的网关
            if (gateway.status !== 'connected') continue;
            
            // 检查合规性
            if (!this.checkCompliance(region, task)) {
                console.log(`Region ${region} skipped due to compliance restrictions for task ${task.id}`);
                continue;
            }
            
            // 评估区域得分
            const score = this.evaluateRegionScore(region, task);
            if (score > bestScore) {
                bestScore = score;
                bestRegion = region;
            }
        }
        
        return {
            region: bestRegion,
            isLocal: bestRegion === this.localRegion,
            score: bestScore
        };
    }
    
    // 检查任务在特定区域执行的合规性
    checkCompliance(region, task) {
        const rules = this.regionComplianceRules.get(region);
        if (!rules) return true; // 没有规则表示没有限制
        
        // 检查数据分类合规性
        if (task.dataClassification && rules.restrictedDataClassifications) {
            if (rules.restrictedDataClassifications.includes(task.dataClassification)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        
        // 检查任务类型合规性
        if (task.type && rules.restrictedTaskTypes) {
            if (rules.restrictedTaskTypes.includes(task.type)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        
        return true;
    }
    
    // 评估区域对特定任务的适合度得分
    evaluateRegionScore(region, task) {
        let score = 100; // 基础分
        
        // 1. 考虑网络延迟 (对延迟敏感的任务影响更大)
        const latency = region === this.localRegion ? 0 : (this.regionLatencyMap.get(region) || 1000);
        const latencyImpact = task.latencySensitivity || 0.5; // 0-1 范围
        score -= latency * latencyImpact * 0.05;
        
        // 2. 考虑数据位置 (数据本地性)
        if (task.dataLocation) {
            score += task.dataLocation === region ? 50 : 0;
        }
        
        // 3. 考虑特殊资源需求
        if (task.requiredResources && region !== this.localRegion) {
            const gateway = this.connectedGateways.get(region);
            const hasAllResources = task.requiredResources.every(
                resource => gateway.availableResources.includes(resource)
            );
            
            if (hasAllResources) {
                score += 30;
            }
        }
        
        // 4. 本地区域优先 (除非有明显的优势，倾向于本地执行)
        if (region === this.localRegion) {
            score += 20;
        }
        
        // 确保分数在合理范围内
        return Math.max(0, Math.min(score, 200));
    }
    
    // 路由任务到最优区域
    async routeTask(task) {
        const { region, isLocal, score } = this.determineOptimalRegion(task);
        
        console.log(`Task ${task.id} routed to ${region} (score: ${score.toFixed(2)})`);
        
        if (isLocal) {
            // 本地执行任务的逻辑
            return this.executeTaskLocally(task);
        } else {
            // 委托远程区域执行任务
            return this.delegateTaskToRemoteRegion(region, task);
        }
    }
    
    // 本地执行任务
    async executeTaskLocally(task) {
        console.log(`Executing task ${task.id} locally in ${this.localRegion}`);
        // 实际实现会调用本地执行引擎
        return { success: true, region: this.localRegion };
    }
    
    // 委托任务给远程区域
    async delegateTaskToRemoteRegion(region, task) {
        console.log(`Delegating task ${task.id} to remote region ${region}`);
        
        const gateway = this.connectedGateways.get(region);
        if (!gateway || gateway.status !== 'connected') {
            throw new Error(`Cannot delegate task to disconnected region ${region}`);
        }
        
        try {
            // 实际实现会通过网络调用远程网关的API
            const result = await gateway.executeTask(task);
            return { success: true, region, result };
        } catch (error) {
            console.error(`Failed to execute task in region ${region}: ${error.message}`);
            
            // 失败后尝试本地执行作为回退策略
            console.log(`Falling back to local execution for task ${task.id}`);
            return this.executeTaskLocally(task);
        }
    }
}

// 量子加速接口抽象层设计（伪代码）

/**
 * 量子计算抽象层 (QAL) - 为智能体系统提供统一的量子计算接口
 */
class QuantumAccelerationLayer {
    constructor(config) {
        this.config = config;
        this.resourceManager = new QuantumResourceManager(config.resources);
        this.algorithmRegistry = new QuantumAlgorithmRegistry();
        this.fallbackStrategies = new FallbackStrategyRegistry();
        
        // 注册标准量子算法
        this.registerStandardAlgorithms();
    }
    
    /**
     * 注册标准量子算法实现
     */
    registerStandardAlgorithms() {
        // 注册量子优化算法
        this.algorithmRegistry.register('quantum_optimization', new QuantumOptimization());
        
        // 注册量子机器学习算法
        this.algorithmRegistry.register('quantum_clustering', new QuantumClustering());
        this.algorithmRegistry.register('quantum_classification', new QuantumClassification());
        this.algorithmRegistry.register('quantum_reinforcement_learning', new QuantumReinforcementLearning());
        
        // 注册量子搜索算法
        this.algorithmRegistry.register('grover_search', new GroverSearch());
        
        // 注册量子生成模型
        this.algorithmRegistry.register('quantum_generative', new QuantumGenerativeModel());
    }
    
    /**
     * 为特定任务选择最合适的量子算法和资源
     * @param {Object} task - 要执行的任务描述
     * @return {Promise